Social Forces, Foundations & Change

(27974) Black Panther Party for Self-Defense (BPPSD), Brown (Al-Amin), Undated

eclemens — Tue, 05 Feb 2013 14:55:25 -0500

Jamil Al-Amin (H. Rap Brown), at far left, walks with two other men in what appears to be a bus station.

(28650) Riots, Housing, Sojourner Truth, 1942

eclemens — Fri, 15 Jun 2012 07:11:00 -0400

Dozens of African Americans meet outside of a home after families attempting to move into the Sojourner Truth Housing Project were met by over 1200 angry, white demonstrators.

(46506) Nelson Mandela, Tiger Stadium, Detroit, 1990

eclemens — Fri, 26 Jun 2020 17:56:21 -0400

Crowds celebrate during Nelson Mandela’s 1990 visit to Detroit’s Tiger Stadium.

(46507) Nelson Mandela, Tiger Stadium, Detroit, 1990

eclemens — Fri, 26 Jun 2020 17:58:33 -0400

Pro Nelson Mandela supporters are seen cheering at an anti-apartheid rally that took place at Tiger Stadium located in Detroit, MI.

(46509) Nelson Mandela, Tiger Stadium, Detroit, 1990

eclemens — Fri, 26 Jun 2020 18:04:19 -0400

A woman wearing a “Free South Africa” t-shirt waits outside of Tiger Stadium with a small child during Nelson Mandela’s June 1990 visit to Detroit.

(46510) Nelson Mandela, Crowds, 1990

eclemens — Fri, 26 Jun 2020 18:08:00 -0400

Crowds gather on the street to welcome Nelson Mandela during his 1990 visit to the United States. The location is not identified, but the photo was likely taken in New York City.

(46511) Nelson Mandela, Ford Rouge Plant, Local 600, 1990

eclemens — Fri, 26 Jun 2020 18:19:48 -0400

Nelson Mandela proudly holds high his lifetime union membership card to the United Auto Workers (UAW). The card was given to Mandela by UAW president Owen Bieber during his historic visit to the Ford Rouge Plant.

(46512) Nelson Mandela, Ford Rouge Plant, Local 600, 1990

eclemens — Fri, 26 Jun 2020 18:13:10 -0400

Members of UAW Local 600 wait to greet Nelson Mandela as he tours the Ford Rouge Plant.

(49505) Nelson Mandela, Detroit, Tiger Stadium 1990

eclemens — Fri, 26 Jun 2020 17:52:39 -0400

Crowds celebrate during Nelson Mandela’s 1990 visit to Detroit’s Tiger Stadium.

(49508) Nelson Mandela, Tiger Stadium, Detroit, 1990

eclemens — Fri, 26 Jun 2020 18:02:07 -0400

A man sells t-shirts celebrating Nelson Mandela and the end of Apartheid outside of Detroit’s Tiger Stadium during Mandela’s June 1990 visit.

(UP002885_003) Boggs, Glaberman, Correspondence Publishing Company

eclemens — Mon, 25 Apr 2022 11:08:48 -0400

Snapshot of James Boggs, Grace Lee Boggs, Martin Glaberman, and an unidentified woman at a Correpondence Publishing Committee meeting.

(UP002885_031) Portrait, Nettie Kravitz, undated

eclemens — Mon, 25 Apr 2022 11:14:23 -0400

Portrait of Nettie Kravitz, location unidentified.

(UP002885_039) Correspondence Publishing Company, speaker series, 1959-1960

eclemens — Mon, 25 Apr 2022 11:25:55 -0400

Handbill outlining Correspondence Publishing Company's monthly speaker series, held at 7737 Mack Avenue, Detroit.

Lectures highlighted:

"A Visit with some characters from Shakespeare. A talk with readings," December 18, 1959. Speaker unidentified.

"China Today," January 15, 1960. Speaker: Grace Lee Boggs.

"The Civil War after 100 Years," February 19, 1960. Speaker: Martin Glaberman.

(1188) Flyer, Sojourner Truth Housing Project, 1942

eclemens — Thu, 14 Jun 2012 11:30:59 -0400

A flyer, created by local whites, asks for assistance from people outside their neighborhood at Nevada and Fenkell in keeping African Americans from moving into the Sojourner Truth Housing Project. Courtesy of the Charles A. Hill Collection

(1608) Depression, Hoovervilles, Detroit, 1930s

eclemens — Tue, 01 May 2012 09:17:19 -0400

Photograph, taken near Detroit's Black Bottom neighborhood, shows sub-standard housing available to the poor during the Great Depression.

Snapshot part of a series taken by Walter and Victor Reuther.

(3710) Motown, Supremes, Brewster Homes, 1960s

eclemens — Thu, 04 May 2017 10:11:39 -0400

The Supremes pose for a picture outside of the Brewster Projects in Detroit.

Note: The photo was used as part of a promotion for the United Way's annual Torch Drive.

(30256) Grace Hospital, Newberry Hall, Detroit, 1930

eclemens — Tue, 23 Apr 2013 16:09:06 -0400

Exterior view of Helen Handy Newberry Nurses’ Home, also know as Newberry Hall, Detroit, Michigan.

(9921) Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale give a press conference, 1972

eclemens — Tue, 05 Feb 2013 13:16:49 -0500

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale (Black Panther Party) give a press conference at Merritt College in Oakland, California.

(9922) Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale meet students from Malcolm X Elementary, 1972

eclemens — Tue, 05 Feb 2013 13:16:49 -0500

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale (of the Black Panther Party) meet students from Malcolm X Elementary, 1972.

Chavez and Seale gave a Press Conference on May 9, 1972 at Merritt College in Oakland California. After the Press conference, they met students from Malcolm X Elementary School which is located in Berkeley, California.

Richard Ybarra is the man on the far right. Children are not identified.

(DN16079) Charles Simmons, Attorney, 1982

eclemens — Wed, 19 Dec 2018 12:40:01 -0500

Portrait of Charles Simmons, civil rights attorney. The image was taken for a story on an award he was given by the Urban League.

(26684) Henry Sweet Trial, Defense Team, 1926

eclemens — Tue, 02 Apr 2019 10:12:06 -0400

Henry Sweet, brother of Dr. Ossian Sweet, stands with his defense team while on trial for murder.

Left to right: Henry Sweet, Julian Perry, Thomas Chawke, Clarence Darrow.

(27950) Angela Davis, Speeches, Detroit, 1974

eclemens — Tue, 05 Feb 2013 03:02:18 -0500

Activist Angela Davis participates in a rally at Detroit's Cobo Hall.

(27951) Angela Davis, Speeches, Detroit, 1974

eclemens — Tue, 05 Feb 2013 03:05:37 -0500

Activist Angela Davis addresses the crowd during a rally at Detroit's Cobo Hall.

(27952) Angela Davis, Speeches, Detroit, 1970s

eclemens — Tue, 05 Feb 2013 03:12:57 -0500

Activist Angela Davis speaks during an unidentified demonstration in Detroit.

(27953) Angela Davis, Speeches, Detroit, 1972

eclemens — Tue, 05 Feb 2013 03:16:58 -0500

Activist Angela Davis addresses the crowd at an unidentified Detroit rally from behind a screen of bulletproof glass.

(27954) Angela Davis, Speeches, Detroit, 1972

eclemens — Tue, 05 Feb 2013 03:20:01 -0500

Activist Angela Davis addresses the crowd at an unidentified Detroit rally from behind a screen of bulletproof glass.

(27965) Black Panther Party for Self-Defense (BPPSD), Police, Confrontation, 1970

eclemens — Tue, 05 Feb 2013 10:49:41 -0500

Police officers surround the National Coalition to Combat Fascism in America's Community Center located at 3376 16th Street (near 16th and Myrtle) during a confrontation between the members of the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense (BPPSD) and Detroit Police.

The confrontation began when two police officers attempted to issue ordinance violation tickets to two men who were selling newspapers on the sidewalk. The accounts of what happened next vary, however, a fight broke out between the officers and members of the crowd that had gathered, back-up was called for and shots were fired. The result was a nine 9-hour siege involving nearly 100 police officers in which four police cars were destroyed by Molotov cocktails, one police officer was wounded by shrapnel and Patrolman Edward Smith was killed by a shotgun blast to the head. 15 young defendants, seven men and eight women, who had barricaded themselves in the Headquarters were charged with murder and conspiracy to murder.

(27955) Angela Davis, Demonstrations, Detroit, 1971

eclemens — Tue, 05 Feb 2013 03:27:33 -0500

Members of the activist group Detroit Youth Against War and Fascism hold banner that reads "The people will free Angela Davis and Ruchell Mage" during U.S. president Richard Nixon's appearance at Cobo Hall.

(27956) Carmichael (Ture), Political Rallies, Detroit, 1966

eclemens — Tue, 05 Feb 2013 03:42:48 -0500

Stokely Carmichael (later Kwame Ture), makes an appearance at a "Meet the Candidates Rally" at the Jeffries Homes/Project. The rally was called on behalf of the candidacies of Kenneth V. Cockrel, who was running for state representative of the 11th district, and Rev. Albert Cleage (later Jaramogi Abebe Agyeman), who was running as a Democrat for the 13th district congressional seat.

(27957) Carmichael (Ture), Cleage (Agyeman), Political Rallies, Detroit, 1966

eclemens — Tue, 05 Feb 2013 03:48:20 -0500

Stokely Carmichael (later Kwame Ture) and Rev. Albert Cleage (later Jaramogi Abebe Agyeman) make an appearance at a "Meet the Candidates Rally" at the Jeffries Homes/Project. The rally was called on behalf of the candidacies of Cleage, who was running as a Democrat for the 13th district congressional seat, Kenneth V. Cockrel, who was running for state representative of the 11th district.

(27958) Cleage (Agyeman), Shrine of the Black Madonna, 1973

eclemens — Tue, 05 Feb 2013 04:52:04 -0500

The Rev. Albert Cleage (later Jaramogi Abebe Agyeman), political organizer and founder of the Shrine of the Black Madonna, speaks before a crowd at an unidentified event.

(27959) Cleage (Agyeman), Shrine of the Black Madonna, 1962

eclemens — Tue, 05 Feb 2013 05:03:53 -0500

The Rev. Albert Cleage (later Jaramogi Abebe Agyeman), political organizer and founder of the Shrine of the Black Madonna, poses for a portrait at his desk.

(27960) Agyeman (Cleage), Shrine of the Black Madonna, 1976

eclemens — Tue, 05 Feb 2013 05:08:48 -0500

Rev. Jaramogi Abebe Agyeman (formerly Albert Cleage), political organizer and founder of the Shrine of the Black Madonna, poses for a Detroit News photographer in front of the Shrine of the Black Madonna Cultural Center and Bookstore.

(27961) Black Panther Party for Self-Defense (BPPSD), Headquarters, Detroit, 1970

eclemens — Tue, 05 Feb 2013 05:16:45 -0500

An exterior view of the headquarters for the Detroit Black Panther Party for Self-Defense (BPPSD), located at 611 Continental. A banner on second story reads, "National Committee to Combat Fascism."

(27962) Black Panther Party for Self-Defense (BPPSD), Headquarters, Detroit, 1970

eclemens — Tue, 05 Feb 2013 05:20:19 -0500

An interior view of the headquarters for the Detroit Black Panther Party for Self-Defense (BPPSD), located at 611 Continental. Chuck Holt and Ronnie Irwin sit behind a desk.

(27963) Black Panther Party for Self-Defense (BPPSD), Police, Confrontation, 1970

eclemens — Tue, 05 Feb 2013 09:07:30 -0500

An exterior view of 3376 16th Street, the National Committee to Combat Fascism in America's Community Center, after the confrontation between Detroit Police and members of Detroit's Black Panther Party for Self-Defense (BPPSD).

Note: Police entering the building wear gas masks and the front window is broken, possibly because canisters of tear gas were used.

(27964) Black Panther Party for Self-Defense (BPPSD), Police, Confrontation, 1970

eclemens — Tue, 05 Feb 2013 10:42:12 -0500

Police officers and local media swarm outside of the National Coalition to Combat Fascism in America's Community Center located at 3376 16th Street (near 16th and Myrtle). At center, left is newspaper columnist Nadine Brown, who served as an intermediary between the Black Panthers and the Detroit Police during the 9-hour siege.

The confrontation began when two police officers attempted to issue ordinance violation tickets to two men who were selling newspapers on the sidewalk. The accounts of what happened next vary, however, a fight broke out between the officers and members of the crowd that had gathered, back-up was called for and shots were fired. The result was a nine 9-hour siege in which four police cars were destroyed by Molotov cocktails, one police officer was wounded by shrapnel and Patrolman Edward Smith was killed by a shotgun blast to the head. 15 young defendants, seven men and eight women, who had barricaded themselves in the Community Center were charged with murder and conspiracy to murder.

(27966) Black Panther Party for Self-Defense (BPPSD), Police, Confrontation, 1970

eclemens — Tue, 05 Feb 2013 10:59:37 -0500

An unidentified man is arrested during a confrontation between Detroit POlice and members of the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense (BPPSD).

(27967) Black Panther Party for Self-Defense (BPPSD), Police, Confrontation, 1970

eclemens — Tue, 05 Feb 2013 11:07:23 -0500

Acting mayor, Mel Ravitz (at center), addresses the crowd gathered during the confrontation between Detroit Police and members of the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense (BPPSD).

The confrontation began when two police officers attempted to issue ordinance violation tickets to two men who were selling newspapers on the sidewalk. The accounts of what happened next vary, however, a fight broke out between the officers and members of the crowd that had gathered, back-up was called for and shots were fired. The nine 9-hour siege that followed involved nearly 100 police officers, and resulted in four police cars being destroyed by Molotov cocktails, one police officer being wounded by shrapnel and Patrolman Edward Smith being killed by a shotgun blast to the head. 15 young defendants, seven men and eight women, who had barricaded themselves in the Community Center were charged with murder and conspiracy to murder.

(27968) Black Panther Party for Self-Defense (BPPSD), Police, Confrontation, 1970

eclemens — Tue, 05 Feb 2013 11:14:15 -0500

The remains of four police cars, burned by molotov cocktails and stripped by an angry crowd during a confrontation between members of the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense (BPPSD) and the Detroit Police.

The confrontation began when two police officers attempted to issue ordinance violation tickets to two men who were selling newspapers on the sidewalk. The accounts of what happened next vary, however, a fight broke out between the officers and members of the crowd that had gathered, back-up was called for and shots were fired. The nine 9-hour siege that followed involved nearly 100 police officers, and resulted in four police cars being destroyed by Molotov cocktails, one police officer being wounded by shrapnel and Patrolman Edward Smith being killed by a shotgun blast to the head. 15 young defendants, seven men and eight women, who had barricaded themselves in the Community Center were charged with murder and conspiracy to murder.

(27968) Black Panther Party for Self-Defense (BPPSD), Police, Confrontation, Brown, 1970

eclemens — Tue, 05 Feb 2013 11:28:50 -0500

Nadine Brown, reporter and columnist for the Michigan Chronicle, addresses the press during a confrontation between Detroit Police and members of the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense (BPPSD). Ms. Brown served as an intermediary during the 9-hour stand-off and is credited with bringing the event to a peaceful conclusion by persuading most of the BPPSD members to come out of the Community Center that they occupied.

The confrontation began when two police officers attempted to issue ordinance violation tickets to two men who were selling newspapers on the sidewalk. The accounts of what happened next vary, however, a fight broke out between the officers and members of the crowd that had gathered, back-up was called for and shots were fired. The nine 9-hour siege that followed involved nearly 100 police officers, and resulted in four police cars being destroyed by Molotov cocktails, one police officer being wounded by shrapnel and Patrolman Edward Smith being killed by a shotgun blast to the head. 15 young defendants, seven men and eight women, who had barricaded themselves in the Community Center were charged with murder and conspiracy to murder.

(27970) Black Panther Party for Self-Defense (BPPSD), Police, Confrontation, 1970

eclemens — Tue, 05 Feb 2013 13:12:03 -0500

Police officers and local media crowd the scene as members of the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense (BPPSD) are led to a police wagon after a 9-hour stand-off. At center, left is newspaper columnist Nadine Brown, who served as an intermediary between the Black Panthers and the Detroit Police.

The confrontation began when two police officers attempted to issue ordinance violation tickets to two men who were selling newspapers on the sidewalk. The accounts of what happened next vary, however, a fight broke out between the officers and members of the crowd that had gathered, back-up was called for and shots were fired. The result was a nine 9-hour siege in which four police cars were destroyed by Molotov cocktails, one police officer was wounded by shrapnel and Patrolman Edward Smith was killed by a shotgun blast to the head. 15 young defendants, seven men and eight women, who had barricaded themselves in the Community Center were charged with murder and conspiracy to murder.

(27971) Black Panther Party for Self-Defense (BPPSD), Police, Confrontation, 1970

eclemens — Tue, 05 Feb 2013 13:17:37 -0500

Members of the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense (BPPSD) are loaded into a police wagon after their 9-hour stand-off with Detroit Police officers comes to an end.

The confrontation began when two police officers attempted to issue ordinance violation tickets to two men who were selling newspapers on the sidewalk. The accounts of what happened next vary, however, a fight broke out between the officers and members of the crowd that had gathered, back-up was called for and shots were fired. The result was a nine 9-hour siege in which four police cars were destroyed by Molotov cocktails, one police officer was wounded by shrapnel and Patrolman Edward Smith was killed by a shotgun blast to the head. 15 young defendants, seven men and eight women, who had barricaded themselves in the Community Center were charged with murder and conspiracy to murder.

(27972) Black Panther Party for Self-Defense (BPPSD), Police, Confrontation, 1970

eclemens — Tue, 05 Feb 2013 13:19:46 -0500

Members of the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense (BPPSD) are loaded into a police wagon after their 9-hour stand-off with Detroit Police officers comes to an end.

The confrontation began when two police officers attempted to issue ordinance violation tickets to two men who were selling newspapers on the sidewalk. The accounts of what happened next vary, however, a fight broke out between the officers and members of the crowd that had gathered, back-up was called for and shots were fired. The result was a nine 9-hour siege in which four police cars were destroyed by Molotov cocktails, one police officer was wounded by shrapnel and Patrolman Edward Smith was killed by a shotgun blast to the head. 15 young defendants, seven men and eight women, who had barricaded themselves in the Community Center were charged with murder and conspiracy to murder.

(27973) Black Panther Party for Self-Defense (BPPSD), Huey Long, 1970

eclemens — Tue, 05 Feb 2013 14:50:28 -0500

Huey Newton, at center, at an unidentified location.

(27975) Black Panther Party for Self-Defense (BPPSD), Chuck Holt, Undated

eclemens — Tue, 05 Feb 2013 15:06:50 -0500

Chuck Holt is escorted through an unidentified location by a police officer.

(27976) John Watson, Ken Cockrel, South End, 1969

eclemens — Tue, 05 Feb 2013 15:16:47 -0500

John Watson, editor of the South End student newspaper, speaks with Kenneth Cockrel.

(27978) Republic of New Afrika (RNA), Robert Williams, Sr., 1969

eclemens — Tue, 05 Feb 2013 16:38:23 -0500

Robert Williams, Sr., president of the Republic of New Afrika (RNA), poses for a photograph at an unidentified location.

(27979) Republic of New Afrika (RNA), Robert Williams, Sr., 1969

eclemens — Tue, 05 Feb 2013 16:50:28 -0500

Robert Williams, Sr. speaks to reporters during a visit to Detroit. At left is his wife, civil rights activist Mabel Robinson Williams.

(27980) Republic of New Afrika (RNA), Williams, Henry (Obadele), Moore, 1969

eclemens — Wed, 06 Feb 2013 09:11:06 -0500

Members of the Republic of New Afrika (RNA) hold a press conference. In view are Robert Williams, Sr. (at mic), Mabel Robinson Williams, Audley "Queen Mother" Moore, Milton Henry (Gaidi Abiodun Obadele) and Richard B. Henry (Imari Abubakari Obadele).