Migrant farm workers

Agricultural Workers History Collection

drice — Wed, 16 Apr 2014 09:16:17 -0400

The United Farm Workers of America (predecessor name, United Farm Workers Organizing Committee) is a 20th Century union, created when the National Farm Workers Association and Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee merged to form UFWOC, to further the rights of farm workers. As the union developed, it led strikes and organizing campaigns to advance their efforts.

Parts 1 and 2 of the Agricultural Workers History Collection are comprised of articles, publications, crop and migrant studies, farm wage rates, UFW grape and lettuce boycott newsletters, legislative reports and other materials documenting the history of agricultural labor in California and a few other states.

Anna Andreini-Brophy Papers

kschmeling — Tue, 24 Apr 2018 13:30:13 -0400

This collection contains the papers of Anna Andreini-Brophy. It covers her time working with Stewart Mott at Spectemur Agendo, Inc., to assisting Cesar Chavez and working for the United Farm Workers movement, and then to her later life as a real estate agent.

Carolyn Ashbaugh Papers

abarker — Tue, 09 Jun 2009 10:03:10 -0400

Carolyn Ashbaugh worked with the Maricopa County Organizing Project and the Centro Adelante Campesino farm worker center in El Mirage, Arizona. Her papers include publications of the Centro Adelante Campesino and a letter to Cesar Chavez from G. L. Sanchez regarding the plight of undocumented workers.

Bob Barber Papers

aergas — Fri, 04 Sep 2020 09:25:40 -0400

Bob Barber worked as a journalist, writing for the United Farm Workers publication, El Malcriado, reporting for KSAN and KPFA radio stations in California’s Bay Area, and as a freelance writer. His papers center on his activities as a reporter covering California farm labor election issues during the years 1973 to 1977. The collection includes over sixty hours of taped interviews with UFW organizers, union members, Teamsters, growers and others. In addition, the collection contains a unique assortment of leaflets published by the UFW, the Teamsters and some California growers during the first summer of union elections under the NLRB in 1976.

David S. Burgess Papers

abarker — Mon, 15 Jun 2009 10:40:09 -0400

Originally serving as a minister to migrant workers through the Congregational and Christian Churches (CCC) Board of Missions, David Burgess became a labor organizer for the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO), where he was appointed labor attaché to India’s American Embassy in 1955. This appointment led to various senior positions with United States Agency for International Development (USAID), the Peace Corps program in Indonesia and with the United Nation’s Children’s Fund (UNICEF) in Thailand. Mr. Burgess’ papers relate to his work in the ministry, the labor movement and the U.S. Foreign Service and UNICEF in Asia.

Farm Labor Organizing Committee (FLOC) Records

drice — Tue, 15 Jun 2010 14:19:49 -0400

Founded in Toledo, OH in 1967 by Baldemar Valasquez, the Farm Labor Organizing Committee (FLOC) represents migrant workers in the agricultural industry, and seeks to promote and protect the right of farm workers to actively participate in decisions that affect their conditions. FLOC centered their efforts not on growers, who the organization realized were relatively powerless, but on the large food processing companies who ran the agricultural business and ultimately controlled farm workers rights and benefits. FLOC used boycotts, marches, publication campaigns, and rallied community and church support to fight for migrant worker rights. The Campbell Soup boycott, which began in1978 and ended successfully in 1986, was FLOC’s most important campaign, but they also led successful efforts against Vlasic, Heinz, Aunt Jane, and Mt. Olive Pickle. FLOC expanded from its base in Ohio to the Midwest in the 1980s and eventually to the South in the late 1990s. FLOC also provided a support network for migrant workers, Latinos and immigrants through community and educational programs, legal clinics and Latino organizations.

FLOC records document its day-to-day organizational activities; correspondence;projects and community efforts; research; related organizations and unions; and resources for farm workers and Latinos. Also covered are individual boycotts and campaigns with the majority of material detailing the Campbell boycott.

Florida Christian Migrant Ministry Records

drice — Mon, 03 Nov 2008 14:22:04 -0500

Subjects include: Latino migrant workers; sugarcane industry; UFW; Florida agriculture; rural poverty; black migrant workers

Marshall Ganz Papers

drice — Thu, 30 Oct 2008 15:47:35 -0400

Subjects include: United Farm Workers; Cesar Chavez; organizing farm workers; agricultural labor relations cases; boycott in Canada; UFW National Executive Board; Jessica Govea; medical programs

Elaine Graves Papers

drice — Fri, 13 Feb 2009 10:26:00 -0500

Elaine Graves served on the staffs of both the United Farm Workers and the American Federation of State, County, and Municipal Employees. Her papers, while gathered during her tenure with AFSCME, reflect her continued interest with the UFW boycott effort.

Dolores Huerta Papers

drice — Mon, 06 Jun 2011 15:04:27 -0400

Dolores Huerta champions the rights of farm workers and Latinos. As a young teacher her experiences in classrooms filled with hungry children of migrant farm workers led her to believe that an even greater need was organizing farm workers. Dolores first met Cesar Chavez in the late 1950s while organizing farm workers under the name of the Agricultural Workers Association. In 1962 they founded the National Farm Workers Association in Delano, California. Today, Dolores Huerta continues to place La Causa first. She remains a boundlessly energetic and charismatic leader for the United Farm Workers union as an executive board member, union negotiator and lecturer. In addition, Huerta has been honored with numerous awards across the country for her work as an advocate for the rights of women, immigrants and people of color.

The papers of Dolores Huerta primarily deal with boycotts, strikes, and the ongoing struggle for workers’ rights and organizations involved in such matters.

Monsignor Clement Kern Papers

drice — Fri, 21 Oct 2011 08:53:57 -0400

Monsignor Clement Kern was a Roman Catholic Priest at Most Holy Trinity Church in Detroit, MI for 34 years. Under his leadership, Holy Trinity became a major center for Latino American residents of southwest Detroit. Kern became active in the migratory labor arena and helped with the Michigan Committee to Aid Farm Workers.

Monsignor Kern’s records document the struggle of Detroit area migrant workers and their fight for compensation for their work. The collection also explores his involvement in organizations to further the equality of minorities.

Kings-Tulare Counties Migrant Ministry Records

kschmeling — Mon, 02 Dec 2013 10:43:02 -0500

The Kings-Tulare Counties (California) Migrant Ministry was formed by the Christian Migrant Ministry in 1959. Its purpose was to administer the Christian gospel to seasonal farm workers with a direct focus upon religious education, child-care, teenage and adult vocational and literacy training. Religious and community organizers who worked with the K-TCMM hoped that organized farm workers could exert influence, challenge established injustices and improve conditions on and off the job.

The files reflect the work of Rev. James Drake of the Christian Migrant Ministry, and National Farm Workers Association union activist, Gilbert Padilla. The collection contains correspondence, newsletters, by-laws, poverty studies and personal notes of Drake and Padilla covering their work with the Kings-Tulare Counties Migrant Ministry and the Tulare County Farm Workers Organization.

Robert Lopez Papers

abarker — Mon, 29 Jun 2009 17:23:09 -0400

Robert Lopez served as a United Auto Workers (UAW) International Union Delegate. Mr. Lopez’s papers reflect his work with the UAW and his interest in international concerns, particularly concerning Cuba, Nicaragua and El Salvador, and issues of labor and radical politics.

Marion Moses, M. D. Papers

abarker — Wed, 01 Jul 2009 14:37:55 -0400

Marion Moses served as United Farm Workers (UFW) Health Program Administrator and as Medical Director and Administrator for the National Farm Health Group. Dr. Moses’ papers reflect her interest in farm labor health concerns and document her work with the UFW; included are materials related to the Grape Boycotts of the 1960’s.

National Sharecroppers Fund Photographs

drice — Thu, 16 Jun 2016 16:19:03 -0400

The National Sharecroppers Fund (NSF) was incorporated in 1943 and grew out of “National Sharecroppers Week,” an annual event intended to rally support for the Southern Tenant Farmers Union. NSF was founded to provide financial assistance and information on government aid programs to organizations dedicated to improving living conditions for the rural poor. The photograph collection consists of images documenting NSF activities and the lives of sharecroppers and their families from the 1940s through to the mid 1970s.

Samuel Rabinovitz Papers

abarker — Mon, 06 Jul 2009 15:30:02 -0400

Samuel Rabinovitz served as director of the Michigan Youth Commission, on the Board of Directors of the National Child Labor Committee, and on a number of committees addressing issues of delinquency and crime prevention, migrant labor, and student attrition. Mr. Rabinovitz’s papers primarily reflect his work on the National Child Labor Committee, and include materials related to the J.P. Stevens Boycott and National Committee on the Education of Migrant Children.

Reverend Victor P. Salandini Papers

abarker — Wed, 08 Jul 2009 14:53:54 -0400

An active advocate for migrant farm workers, Father Victor Salandini assisted in the organizing efforts of the United Farm Workers (UFW), American Federation of Labor-Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO), and served as a legislative representative for California farm workers and as the UFW Research Director. Father Salandini’s papers reflect his work with the UFW, AFL-CIO, and its predecessors, as well as his dissertation research on California farm labor issues and Public Law 78, the Bracero Program.

Mark Sharwood Papers

drice — Thu, 07 Apr 2011 15:43:51 -0400

Mark Sharwood was as a full time volunteer for the United Farm Workers from 1976 until 1982. He worked towards passing Proposition 14, for which he traveled through California, Texas, Mid-west states and New York, assisting with various boycotts and campaigns. Beginning in 1978, Sharwood handled the propaganda for the Imperial Valley election. He created graphic fliers in order to communicate ideas that did not translate into words.

Sharwood’s records consist of leaflets, pamphlets and flyers used in organizing campaigns from 1977 through 1979. The material pertains largely to organizing efforts from Lamont-Delano, Coachella Valley, Imperial Valley, Oxnard, Santa Maria, and Salinas-Watsonville UFW field offices. Additional materials regarding the 1978-1978 Lettuce/Vegetable strike and the Texas, Rio Grande Valley are included. The collection also includes Anti-UFW leaflets from the same areas in California.

Sydney D. Smith Papers

abarker — Tue, 14 Jul 2009 10:49:03 -0400

Sydney Smith was active in the California Migrant Ministry (later known as the National Farm Worker Ministry) and served as the founding director of Pasadena’s Community Housing Service. The papers of Mr. Smith document his research conducted for his book on the migrant ministries entitled, Faith Community and the Farm Workers.

Ronald B. Taylor Papers

kschmeling — Fri, 10 Jan 2014 16:29:06 -0500

Ronald B. Taylor’s career as a journalist and photographer spans over forty years. Many of his articles and books focused on the farm labor movement. During Taylor’s working life he had been in the employ of the "Fresno Bee" and "The Los Angeles Times." His free-lance articles have appeared in, "Time," "Nation," "Argosy," "Farm Journal," and other noted publications.

In addition, over the course of his writing career, Mr. Taylor published award-winning fiction and other works. His first two published works dealing with migrant labor, Sweatshops in the Sun, 1973, delved into the problems of child labor and its effect on the migrant farm worker’s children and family; and, Chavez and the Farm Workers, which focused on the history of the United Farm Workers Union early years and the people involved in its growth.

The papers consist of interviews, reports, and other materials used as background research for Taylor’s child labor book, Sweatshops in the Sun, and interviews, clippings, articles, and other material relating to Taylor’s book, Chavez and the Farm Workers. Files also contain other Taylor articles on farm labor topics.

UFW Canadian Boycott: Montreal Office Records

drice — Wed, 30 Nov 2011 16:36:16 -0500

The UFW Montreal Boycott Office Records contains materials specific to the activities
surrounding the grape and lettuce boycotts in Montreal and other cities in Canada during
the late 1960s and early 1970s. Much of the material is from the tenure of Jessica Govea,
a close associate of Cesar Chavez. Her work directing boycotts in Canada helped the
union win one of its first contracts with a California grape grower and ultimately settle
with the entire industry. The records include correspondence, memos, flyers and
advertisements, press releases, clippings and newsletters. There is a significant amount of
correspondence with the UFW’s Salinas and Delano, California, headquarters.

UFW Canadian Boycott: Winnipeg Office Records

kschmeling — Thu, 23 Jan 2014 16:18:34 -0500

The UFW Canadian Boycott documents the operations and activities of the Winnipeg branch of the United Farm Workers boycott operations between the years of 1970 and 1974. The two major boycotts of that era were, grapes and grape-products produced by employers of non-union labor, and another concerning non-union lettuce, as well as other smaller campaigns. Fred Schumacher headed the Winnipeg office.

Material found in this collection reflects the work of Fred Schumacher and office’s goal to organize the greater Winnipeg area and other Canadian regions to participate in larger boycotts against agricultural growers that employed non-union labor and engaged in what the UFW deemed “unfair practices.” Those the office tried to organize include local grocery and liquor stores, political figures, religious organizations and churches, as well as the general public.

UFW Central Administration Records

drice — Thu, 30 Oct 2008 11:30:00 -0400

Subjects include: California boycotts; migrant laborers; immigration and farm labor legislation; farm worker health; Prop 22; Dolores Huerta; California agribusiness

FBI File on Cesar Chavez and the United Farm Workers

kschmeling — Tue, 10 Feb 2015 13:46:51 -0500

The work of Cesar Chavez, former President of the United Farm Workers, on behalf of farm migrants, resulted in his being closely examined by the Federal Bureau of Investigation. He was seen as possibly subversive in the 1960s for several reasons, such as his empowerment of minorities against a powerful and Anglo-controlled agribusiness and association with Alinsky, a known radical. The FBI records are microfilm copies published in cooperation with the FBI, and released under the Freedom of Information Act. They deal primarily with the 1960s, the period fo the UFW's greatest growth.

UFW Hawaii Boycott Committee Records

drice — Fri, 25 Feb 2011 12:31:46 -0500

The Hawaii Boycott Committee of the United Farm Workers was formed in the latter part of 1968 under the auspices, and with the support, of the Hawaii AFL-CIO. The collection documents its function to promote the boycott of California table grapes throughout the state of Hawaii.

UFW Illinois Boycott: Chicago Office Records

kschmeling — Wed, 22 Jul 2015 16:07:35 -0400

The UFW Illinois Boycott was a part of the nationwide boycotts that the United Farm Workers of America (UFW) spearheaded during the mid 1960s and 1970s. These boycotts aimed to end the sale of non-union grapes and lettuce. The main duty of the Chicago office, which was led by Eliseo Medina, was to enlist support for the striking farm workers by soliciting donations, spreading information, and directing the boycott of specific stores within Illinois.

This collection contains flyers, correspondence, newspaper clippings, meeting minutes, legislative reports, newsletters, rosters, and field organizing notes. Additionally, this collection contains some material about the Teamsters.

UFW Louisiana Boycott: New Orleans Office Records

drice — Tue, 01 Mar 2011 16:54:33 -0500

The records of the United Farm Workers Organizing Committee Boycott New Orleans Office (successor name United Farm Workers) highlight their efforts to gain support from area affiliates, such as religious groups and New Orleans labor union leaders, for the boycott. The collection consists mainly of correspondence.

UFW Minnesota Boycott: Minneapolis Office Records

kschmeling — Fri, 13 Dec 2013 14:40:54 -0500

The UFW Minneapolis Boycott Office (a.k.a. Twin Cities Boycott Office) was part of a nationwide series of boycotts that the United Farm Workers of America spearheaded during the mid 1960s and 1970s. These boycotts alerted the national consumer of the grape and lettuce strikes that had erupted in California, Texas, Arizona and other states. The main duties of the Minneapolis office were to enlist support for the striking farm workers by soliciting donations, spreading information and organizing marches and rallies. Boycott activities were focused in the Twin Cities area with the main office in Minneapolis.

The materials in this collection represent the efforts of the Twin Cities Boycott Office to aid the migrant workers and to promote the work of the UFW. They contain fliers, correspondence, contact lists, newsletters, and publications.

UFW New Jersey Boycott: Jersey City Office Records

drice — Fri, 25 Feb 2011 12:51:04 -0500

The records of the United Farm Workers Jersey City Boycott Office describe their attempts to limit the shipment and sale of on-union grapes through the coordination of an effective national boycott campaign.

UFW Office of the President: Arturo Rodriguez Records

drice — Fri, 12 Aug 2011 14:28:09 -0400

Arturo Rodriguez became president of the United Farm Workers (UFW) in 1993 upon the death of Cesar Chavez, co-founder and president of the UFW from its start and Rodriguez’s father-in-law and mentor. Rodriguez was born in San Antonio, Texas in 1949 and attended Catholic schools there. He received a Bachelor of Arts degree in sociology from St. Mary’s University in San Antonio in 1971 and a Masters degree in social work from the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, in 1973.

Rodriguez learned of Cesar Chavez’s work for farm workers from his parish priest in 1966 and became involved in the UFW’s grape boycott while in college. Thereafter, Rodriguez worked with the UFW and, after graduating from the University of Michigan, Rodriguez went to work full time for the UFW, initially organizing boycotts. His work with the UFW has included organizing boycott efforts, organizing union representation elections, teaching classes on union organizing, negotiating and administering union contracts, working on providing union services and settling worker grievances, campaigning for ballot propositions and political candidates, and serving on the UFW’s executive board.

Upon becoming president of the UFW, Rodriguez led a significant new field organizing and contract negotiating drive, adding substantial numbers of members to the UFW. During his presidency the UFW has also campaigned for new laws and regulations protecting farm workers, including immigrant workers, and sought to provide representation to farm workers by providing them with benefits and services through the UFW.

The UFW Office of the President: Arturo Rodriguez Records consists of files maintained by the UFW president’s office while both Cesar Chavez and Arturo Rodriguez served as president and includes files of collective bargaining agreements, events attended by the president and other UFW officials, public actions undertaken by the UFW, the president’s correspondence, the UFW’s constitutional conventions, the operations of the UFW’s benefit and service organizations, and UFW organizing and boycott efforts, as well as general office correspondence and phone logs for a number of UFW officers. There are also research publications. Files from Arturo Rodriguez, predating his election as president of the UFW are included.

UFW Office of the President: Cesar Chavez Records

drice — Thu, 30 Oct 2008 13:34:57 -0400

Cesar Chavez founded the National Farm Workers Association, later known as the United Farm Workers, in 1962 at a convention he called. Growing up a migrant farm worker he honed his skills as an organizer with the Community Services Organization in California before splitting with them to form the NFWA. He would serve as president of the UFW until his death in 1993. These records reflect Chavez's beginnings with the CSO and the formative years of the NFWA, United Farm Workers Organizing Committee, and the UFW as well as some milestones in his personal life.

UFW Pennsylvania Boycott: Pittsburgh Office Records

kschmeling — Tue, 25 Nov 2014 16:02:46 -0500

The Pittsburgh boycott office was set up and coordinated by the United Farm Workers Union to handle the organization of boycotted products and establishments in the state of Pennsylvania and its surrounding region. The office, headed by Frank Ortiz, Sr. Carol Dougherty, Barbara Macri and a number of others, dealt mainly with the boycotting of stores, which sold non-union products, or were involved in anti-union activities. As well, the office involved itself with other UFW interests including migrant workers operating in Pennsylvania, pesticide abuse and the lobbying for or against specific legislation being proposed at the state and federal levels.

The records of the Pittsburgh Boycott office relate to the grape and lettuce strikes that were initiated by the United Farm Workers Union and the national boycott efforts that followed.

UFW Publications

kschmeling — Wed, 22 Jan 2014 14:29:30 -0500

UFW Publications is primarily comprised of serials and unique publications created by, or collected by the United Farm Workers of America, the National Farm Worker Ministry and support organizations, which assisted the UFW with its cause. Included in the collection are convention proceedings dating back to the official inception of the UFW, constitutions, bylaws and serials.

UFW Publications is an artificial collection, its contents have been pulled from other UFW collections and UFW related collections to create a single grouping of farm labor publications.

Philip Vera Cruz Papers

drice — Fri, 23 Jul 2010 14:07:32 -0400

Philip Vera Cruz (Dec 25, 1904 – June 12, 1994) was born in Saoag, Ilocos Sur,
Philippines. He worked on farms in the Philippines before traveling to the United States
in 1926. Vera Cruz worked several odd jobs around the Midwest, but was not active in
any union before moving to California in 1943 and becoming a farm worker. He joined
the Agricultural Worker Organizing Committee (AWOC) and soon became a leader in
farm workers rights. In 1965 he was an active force in the AWOC decision to strike
against grape growers in Delano, CA. The strike and boycott soon won the support of
Cesar Chavez and the National Farm Workers of America, and led to the eventual
merging of the two groups to form the United Farm Workers. Vera Cruz was elected a
vice president of the union, a position he held until he left the union in protest of Chavez
in 1977, though he continued to be active in his retirement. Cruz also formed the Farm
Workers Credit Union and created Agbayani Village, a retirement community for older
farm workers. Throughout his career Vera Cruz worked for migrant and farm worker
rights, and was very active in the Asian American, especially Filipino, rights movement
and community. In 1987 he received the Ninoy M Aquino Award in the Philippines, and
in 1992 he was honored by the AFL-CIO’s Asian Pacific American Labor Committee.

The papers of Philip Vera Cruz focus on his active years as a California labor leader. It
includes his correspondence, writings and notes, as well as his activity in the UFW and
other organizations and his work in boycotts. Cruz’s research, negotiations, and
collective bargaining work are also included as well as a number of ALRB cases and
resources he collected for farm workers and Filipinos.

Winthrop Yinger Papers

abarker — Fri, 14 Aug 2009 14:27:52 -0400

Winthrop Yinger served as the Executive Director of the Fresno Area Council of Churches and the Fresno Area Migrant Workers and in the English Department of Fresno State College, where he established a repository of materials related to the farm worker movement. Mr. Yinger's papers relate to Cesar Chavez and the San Joaquin Valley Farm Workers Collection of Fresno State College.

Collection Spotlight: Robert F. Kennedy and the UFW

teller — Fri, 03 Jun 2011 08:42:21 -0400

U.S. Senator Robert F. Kennedy strongly supported the advance of human rights and in doing so he forged a relationship in the 1960s with the United Farm Workers, a union that sought to improve the lives and working conditions of migrant farm workers across the country. Kennedy supported the workers during a 1966 Senate Subcommittee on Migratory Labor hearing in Delano, California. In the spring of 1968, read more »

(338) An open-air school for migrant farm worker's children

eclemens — Tue, 29 Jul 2008 14:12:49 -0400

Bible stories are taught at an open-air school set up for migrant farm worker's children, circa 1960s.

(28205) Dolores Huerta, Robert Kennedy, United Farm Workers, Ceasar Chavez breaking of the fast

drice — Mon, 19 Mar 2012 16:14:09 -0400

Dolores Huerta and Robert Kennedy face reporters on the day Cesar Chavez broke his fast in support of California farm workers.

(35042) Richard Chavez and picketers, Michigan, circa 1970s.

drice — Fri, 12 Aug 2016 14:33:39 -0400

Six men, including Richard Chavez (middle), pose at an unknown picket event. Four men hold signs: “Michigan Farm Worker Ministry says No! to Grapes, Lettuce; Please shop eleswhere; Say NO to Where Exploitation Originates; Don’t Shop Here!”

Agbayani Village dedication speakers, June 1974.

drice — Wed, 26 Oct 2016 14:43:07 -0400

Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta speak to each other on stage at the Agbayani Village dedication. Standing with them are (l to r): Eliseo Medina, Philip Vera Cruz, Pete Velasco, Mack Lyons, Richard Chavez, and unknown.

Podcast: Speak to the Earth and it Shall Teach Thee: Catholic Nuns, the United Farm Workers Movement, and the Rise of an Environmental Ethic, 1962-1978

teller — Thu, 01 Nov 2018 15:25:22 -0400

John Buchkoski explores the role that religious women had in grassroots social activism in the 1960s and 1970s, particularly organizations of Catholic women religious. He explains how these groups supported United Farm Worker strikes by publicizing the environmental and health effects of pesticide use and popularizing produce boycotts across Catholic communities. Buchkoski is a Ph.D. candidate at the University of Oklahoma. read more »

[Podcast] Awaiting Their Feast: Latinx Food Workers and Activism from World War II to COVID-19

teller — Thu, 13 Feb 2025 15:48:27 -0500

Dr. Lori Flores discusses food systems in the US and Northeast region specifically, illuminating how the nation has developed a growing appetite for both Latinx food and Latinx food laborers, who are often underpaid and under-nourished as they help grow, process, transport, prepare, and serve food across the country. read more »

[Podcast] Hidden in the Fields: Invisible Agricultural Child Labor in the American Southwest and the Limits of Citizenship

teller — Fri, 06 Dec 2019 11:17:54 -0500

Ivón Padilla-Rodríguez explains how labor laws helped define the modern boundaries of childhood and citizenship for both internationally and domestically migrant Latinx children working on American farms. read more »

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